Editor: Andoni Ibarra             Más información / Texto completo (página oficial)

COEDICION: Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Argitalpen Zerbitzua / Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco    y  Centro de Análisis, Lógica e Informática Jurídica (CALIJ)

Volume 25/3, Number 69, September 2010,  pp. 257-400       ISSN 0495-4548

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S . U . M . M . A . R . Y

ARTICLES

UPV/EHU. Theoria, 2010, Vol. 25/3, N° 69, 261-277
Questioning the Causal Inheritance Principle
Ivar HANNIKAINEN (Universidad Complutense)

ABSTRACT: Mental causation, though a forceful intuition embedded in our commonsense psychology, is difficult to square with the rest of commitments of physicalism about the mind. Advocates of mental causation have found solace in the causal inheritance principle, according to which the mental properties of mental states share the causal powers of their physical counterparts. In this paper, I present a variety of counterarguments to causal inheritance and conclude that the conditions for causal inheritance are stricter than what standing versions of said principle imply. In line with this, physicalism may be destined to epiphenomenalism unless multiple realizability turns out false.
Keywords: causal exclusion problem; epiphenomenalism; Jaegwon Kim; mental causation; multiple realizability; Derk Pereboom.

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UPV/EHU. Theoria, 2010, Vol. 25/3, N° 69, 279-299
La lógica matemática: una disciplina en busca de encuadre
(Mathematical Logic: A discipline in search of a frame)
José FERREIRÓS (Universidad de Sevilla)

RESUMEN: Se ofrece un análisis de las transformaciones disciplinares que ha experimentado la lógica matemática o simbólica desde su surgimiento a fines del siglo XIX. Examinaremos sus orígenes como un híbrido de filosofía y matemáticas, su madurez e institucionalización bajo la rúbrica de “lógica y fundamentos”, una segunda ola de institucionalización durante la Posguerra, y los desarrollos institucionales desde 1975 en conexión con las ciencias de la computación y con el estudio de lenguaje e informática. Aunque se comenta algo de la “historia interna”, nos centraremos en la emergencia, consolidación y convoluciones de la lógica como disciplina, a través de varias asociaciones profesionales y revistas, en centros como Turín, Gotinga, Varsovia, Berkeley, Princeton, Carnegie Mellon, Stanford y Amsterdam.
Palabras clave: Lógica moderna; lógica como disciplina; institucionalización; filosofía de la lógica; fundamentos de las matemáticas; lógica y ciencias de la computación; lógica y lingüística.

ABSTRACT: We offer an analysis of the disciplinary transformations underwent by mathematical or symbolic logic since its emergence in the late 19th century. Examined are its origins as a hybrid of philosophy and mathematics, the maturity and institutionalisation attained under the label “logic and foundations”, a second wave of institutionalisation in the Postwar period, and the institutional developments since 1975 in connection with computer science and with the study of language and informatics. Although some “internal history” is discussed, the main focus is on the emergence, consolidation and convolutions of logic as a discipline,
through various professional associations and journals, in centers such as Torino, Göttingen, Warsaw, Berkeley, Princeton, Carnegie Mellon, Stanford, and Amsterdam.
Keywords: Modern logic; logic as discipline; institutionalisation; philosophy of logic; foundations of mathematics; logic and computer science; logic and linguistics.

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UPV/EHU. Theoria, 2010, Vol. 25/3, N° 69, 301-321
Why a Trade-Off? The Relationship between the External and Internal Validity of Experiments
María JIMÉNEZ-BUEDO (UNED) and Luis M. MILLER (University of Oxford)

ABSTRACT: Much of the methodological discussion around experiments in economics and other social sciences is framed in terms of the notions of internal and external validity. The standard view is that internal validity and external validity stand in a relationship best described as a trade-off. However, it is also commonly held that internal validity is a prerequisite to external validity. This article addresses the problem of the compatibility of these two ideas and analyzes critically the standard arguments about the conditions under which a trade-off between internal and external validity arises. Our argument stands against common associations of internal validity and external validity with the distinction between field and laboratory experiments and assesses critically the arguments that link the artificiality of experimental settings done in the laboratory with the purported trade-off between internal and external validity. We conclude that the idea of a trade-off or tension between internal and external validity seems, upon analysis, far less cogent than its intuitive attractiveness may lead us to think at first sight.
Keywords: internal validity; external validity; experiments; behavioural economics; experimental economics

STATE OF THE ART       ------------------------------------------------------

UPV/EHU. Theoria, 2010, Vol. 25/3, N° 69, 325-377
La proliferación de los conceptos de especie en la biología evolucionista
(The Proliferation of Species Concepts in Evolutionary Biology)
Roberto TORRETTI (Universidad de Puerto Rico)

RESUMEN: La biología evolucionista no ha logrado definir un concepto de especie que satisfaga a todos sus colaboradores. El presente panorama crítico de las principales propuestas y sus respectivas dificultades apunta, por un lado, a ilustrar los procesos de formación de conceptos en las ciencias empíricas y, por otro, a socavar la visión parateológica del conocimiento y la verdad que inspiró inicialmente a la ciencia moderna y prevalece aún entre muchas personas educadas. El artículo se divide en dos partes. La primera atiende al concepto biológico (o genético) de especie adoptado por Theodosius Dobzhansky y Ernst Mayr alrededor de 1940, así como a las alternativas introducidas para superar sus limitaciones. La segunda parte estudia la tradición “cladista” fundada por Willi Hennig (1950) y sus ramificaciones. Varios conceptos de especie que no era fácil integrar en estos dos grupos se omitieron en aras de la coherencia y la brevedad de la exposición.
Palabras-clave: concepto biológico de especie; concepto cohesivo de especie; concepto de especie como linaje de metapoblaciones; concepto de especie en cuanto cúmulo genético; concepto ecológico de especie; concepto evolutivo de especie; concepto fenético de especie; concepto filogenético de especie (Cracraft); concepto filogenético de especie (Hennig); concepto filogenético de especie (Mishler); concepto recognitivo de especie; concepto tipológico de especie.

ABSTRACT: Evolutionary biology has not suceeded in defining a concept of species that will satisfy all researchers. This critical survey of the main proposals and their respective difficulties tends, on the one hand, to throw light on the processes of concept formation in the empirical sciences, and, on the other, to undermine the paratheological vision of knowledge and truth that initially inspired modern science and still prevails among many educated persons. The article is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the biological (or genetical) concept of species which was adopted by Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr ca. 1940 and some alternatives which were subsequently introduced to overcome its limitations. The second part deals with several branches of the cladist tradition founded by Willi Hennig (1950). Various concepts of species that could not be easily integrated in either group were omitted for the sake of coherence and brevity.
Keywords: Biological species concept; Cohesion species concept; ecological species concept; evolutionary species concept; general metapopulation lineage concept of species; genetic cluster species concept; phenetic species concept; phylogenetic species concept (Cracraft); phylogenetic species concept (Hennig); phylogenetic species concept (Mishler); recognition species concept; typological species concept.

BOOK REVIEWS       -----------------------------------------------

L. Castro Nogueira, L. Castro Nogueira, M. A. Castro Nogueira (2008): ¿Quién teme la naturaleza humana?  
Jordi Mundó 

Julián Simón-Calero (2008): The Genesis of Fluid Mechanics: 1640-1780  
Horst Nowacki  

Daniel Steel (2009): Across the Boundaries: Extrapolation in Biology and Social Science  
Daniel Blanco

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Editor: Andoni Ibarra             Más información / Texto completo (página oficial)

COEDICION: Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Argitalpen Zerbitzua / Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco    y  Centro de Análisis, Lógica e Informática Jurídica (CALIJ)

Volume 25/3, Number 69, September 2010,  pp. 257-400       ISSN 0495-4548

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ARTICLES

261.  Questioning the causal inheritance principle  
Ivar Allan Hannikainen  

279.  La lógica matemática: una disciplina en busca de encuadre  
José Ferreirós  

301.  Why a Trade-Off? The Relationship between the External and Internal Validity of Experiments  
Maria Jimenez-Buedo, Luis Miguel Miller  

STATE OF THE ART

325.  La proliferación de los conceptos de especie en la biología evolucionista  
Roberto Torretti  

BOOK REVIEWS

381.  L. Castro Nogueira, L. Castro Nogueira, M. A. Castro Nogueira (2008): ¿Quién teme la naturaleza humana?  
Jordi Mundó  

383.  Julián Simón-Calero (2008): The Genesis of Fluid Mechanics: 1640-1780  
Horst Nowacki

386.  Daniel Steel (2009): Across the Boundaries: Extrapolation in Biology and Social Science  
Daniel Blanco